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Journal of Apicultural Science 2023 67(1)
ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY LEVEL IN LOCAL POLISH AND IMPORTED HONEYS WITH USE OF DIRECT MERCURY ANALYZER
ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY LEVEL IN LOCAL POLISH AND IMPORTED HONEYS USING A DIRECT MERCURY ANALYZER
https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jas-2023-0001
Monika Tomczyk, Julita Kusibab, Alicja Zachara, Małgorzata Dżugan
Mercury is a toxic metal that causes a number of serious health effects, including kidney damage, anxiety depression and peripheral neuropathy. Due to its high volatility, assessing mercury levels in solid samples is problematic. In order to determine the mercury content, 45 samples of local Polish and imported honeys were analyzed using the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA). The influence of honey variety and country of origin on the level of mercury contamination in honey was analyzed. It was found that in all the samples tested, the mercury level did not exceed 0,81 µg/kg, which is less than 10% of the EU limit. There were also no statistically significant differences between variety and geographical origin and mercury content. The analyses carried out showed that the device (DMA) is an excellent tool for screening mercury in honeys due to its simplicity, speed, low detection limit, accuracy and precision of the determination and no need for sample preparation.
Keywords: DMA, honey, mercury
HEALTH STATUS OF HONEYBEE COLONIES DIFFERING IN GENETIC INTRA-COLONIAL DIVERSITY
HEALTH OF BEE COMMUNITIES WITH VARIABLE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WORKERS
https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/jas-2023-0002
Darius Gerula
Two different levels of diversity were compared within bee colonies in terms of their infestation with pathogens and diseases. Lower genetic diversity was obtained in colonies in which queens were inseminated with semen collected from drones from one paternal colony. Higher diversity was obtained in colonies with queens inseminated with semen from drones from 30 different colonies. The infestation of bees by pathogens and diseases was studied. Varroa destructor and microsporidia infection Vairimorpha spp. and ABPV, DWV viruses. The colonies with greater genetic diversity of workers in the colonies were more infected with mites varroa than genetically uniform colonies. No direct relationship was found between the varroa invasion and the weakening of bee colonies after winter. The number of bee colonies infected Vairimorpha and viruses was similar in both experimental groups. The intensity of invasion varroa i Vairimorpha had no significant effect on the wintering of bee colonies. The colonies in which the DWV virus was detected were significantly weakened during wintering.
Keywords: ABPV, DWV, genetic diversity, polyandry, Varroa destructor, Vairimorpha
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD WITH FREQUENCY OF 50 HZ IN FORM OF DOSES ON SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF HONEY BEE
EFFECT OF 50 Hz ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF HONEY BEE
https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/jas-2023-0003
Mateusz Plotnik, Paweł Bieńkowski, Ewelina Berbec, Agnieszka Murawska, Krzysztof Latarowski, Paweł Migdał
The honey bee has a significant impact on the environment and economy. When collecting food or water, bees are exposed to negative physical and chemical factors that lead to physiological and behavioral changes and, consequently, even death. With the development of technology and communication, electromagnetic fields generated by artificial emitters have begun to affect the environment. The aim of the study was to check whether the electromagnetic field also affects antioxidant enzymes functioning in the honey bee's body. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions, using one-day and seven-day-old honey bee workers. Honey bee workers were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz and a variable intensity in the range of 1-10 kV/m. Immediately after the end of the exposure, haemolymph was collected from the bees for biochemical analysis. The results of the study did not clearly indicate whether the changes in the activity of biochemical markers were influenced by the time spent in the electromagnetic field or its intensity, but they did show that there was a difference in the physiology between 1-day-old and 7-day-old bees.
Keywords: biochemical markers, electromagnetic field, enzymatic markers, honeybee, 50 Hz
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PROPOLIS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF BULGARIA
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF PROPOLIS COLLECTED IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF BULGARIA
https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/jas-2023-0004
Yulian Tumbarski, Mina Todorova, Mariyana Topuzova, Gabriela Gineva, Velichka Yanakieva, Ivan Ivanov, Nadezhda Petkova
Propolis (propolis) is a valuable biological substance produced by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), which has a wide application: as a medicine in traditional and alternative medicine, as an effective biopreservative of food and as a nutritional enhancer. The aim of the experiment was to study eighty samples of propolis obtained from twenty-eight districts of Bulgaria in 2020-2022. The physicochemical properties of propolis and its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential were determined. Propolis samples were brown or green, depending on the place of collection. The pH value ranged from 4,82 to 5,87, and humidity from 0,98% to 2,97%. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 63,14 mg GAE/g to 737,27 mg GAE/g and from 29,22 mg QE/g to 234,17 mg QE/g, respectively. Propolis samples showed significant antioxidant potential, determined by DPPH and FRAP methods, from 18,56 mM TE/g to 1598,66 mM TE/g and from 82,28 mM TE/g to 1208,81 mM TE/g, respectively. These values showed a positive correlation (r2 ) with TPC and TFC. The results of antimicrobial tests showed that propolis extracts at a concentration of 20 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria such as micrococcus luteus 2YC-YT, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes NBIMCC 8632 and Listeria innocua ATCC 33090.
Keywords: antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, Bulgaria, physicochemical properties, propolis
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOWER OPENING TIME, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, COROLLA OPENING SIZE AND NECTAR PRODUCTION IN FIVE WINTER OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) CULTIVARS IN CHINA
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOWER OPENING TIME, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, CROWN OPENING WIDTH AND NECTAR PRODUCTIVITY OF FIVE WINTER RAPE VARIETIES (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) IN CHINA
https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/jas-2023-0005
Ran Liu, Zhijun Wei, Cheng Liang, Yongquan Huang, Guiling Ding, Yusuo Jiang, Jiaxing Huang
Rapeseed is an economically important crop that provides significant nectar. The study investigated the characteristics of nectar secretion in five varieties of winter rape (Brassica L.) cultivated in China. The correlation of the width of the canopy opening and the temperature and relative humidity of the air with nectar production was also determined. Different diurnal patterns of nectar secretion were detected in flowers opening at different times of the day, with similar trends observed among the cultivars studied. The nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration of flowers opening before 9:00 a.m. reached the highest values on the first day. The nectar volume of flowers opening at 11:00 a.m. reached the peak on the second day, and the nectar sugar concentration was the highest on the first day. The total nectar amount in flowers opening before 9:00 a.m. (4,422–5,265 µl) was lower compared to flowers opening at 11:00 a.m. (7,982–10,646 µl). The average sugar content in the nectar of flowers opening before 9:00 (18,4-23,3%) was higher than in flowers opening at 11:00 (15,3-17,5%). The volume of nectar was positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity, while the sugar content in nectar was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively with relative humidity. The volume of nectar and the concentration of sugars in nectar were positively correlated with the width of corolla opening. The glucose to fructose ratio ranged from 0,89 to 1,44. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of nectar secretion by B. napus L. and support further research assessing the potential of this species and the temporal variability of the plant-pollinator relationship.
Keywords: rapeseed, nectar volume, sugar concentration, glucose, fructose, air temperature
PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFORMED WING, ACUTE BEE PARALYSIS AND BLACK QUEEN CELL VIRUSES INFECTING HONEY BEES AND VARROA MOTHS
OCCURRENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFORMED WING VIRUSES, ACUTE BEE PARALYSIS, AND BLACK QUEEN CELLS INFECTING HONEY BEES AND MITES VARROO
https://sciendo.com/pl/article/10.2478/jas-2023-0006
Songül Aydın, Hatice Diğdem Oksal
In 2018-2019, observations were made of the presence and spread of deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and the mite varroa in the honey bee in the provinces of Malatya and Elazığ in eastern Turkey. Thirty mites were collected varroa and 147 honey bees from twenty-five apiaries in Malatya Province and fifteen apiaries in Elazığ Province. The collected samples were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. It was found that all the tested viruses were present in the samples singly or in the form of mixed infections. The prevalence of viruses was 23,81%, 12,93% and 10,20% for DWV, ABPV and BQCV, respectively. Five out of thirty mites were found varroa tested for viruses were infected only with DWV. Randomly selected sequences of partial polyprotein genome region of each detected virus were registered in GenBank under numbers OP805878, OP805879, OP805880, OP805887, OP805888, OP805889, OP805890, OP805891 (DWV), OP805881, OP805882, OP805883, OP8058 84 (ABPV) and OP805885, OP805886 (BQCV). The phylogenetic tree of virus isolates was compared with isolates obtained from other regions of the world. The detected DWV isolates were found to be closely related to isolates from the UK, Lebanon, Turkey, France, Germany and Israel, while ABPV isolates were related to isolates from Turkey, South Africa, Slovenia, Serbia, France, Hungary, Syria and the USA, and BQCV isolates were related to isolates from China, South Korea, the Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Poland, South Africa, Australia and Sweden. The study demonstrated for the first time the presence of DWV, ABPV and BQCV infections in the Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Turkey.
keywords: Türkiye, parasite Varroa, DWV, ABPV, BQCV, honey bee
